A New Approach to Stadium Experience: the Dynamics of the Sensoryscape, Social Interaction, and Sense of Home Essay

Abtract The reason for this investigation was to build up a solid, legitimate instrument of the tangible encounters of game participants. It distinguished 22-things to speak to five elements of the sensoryscape; they are sight, smell, sound, taste and contact. The creators utilized CFA ( corroborative factor investigation) and SEM ( Structural Equation Model ) to affirm the solid of Sensoryscape. The sensoryscape, social association, and feeling of home each had a positive, direct effect on fans’ fulfillment for both major (N = 259) and minor {N= 218) alliance settings; and they additionally had relationship among one another. Fulfillment with the arena experience had a positive and direct effect on aim to return to. Suggestions for sport advertising practice and future exploration are talked about. 1.0 Introduction The significance of the experience economy has been generally perceived in purchaser research. As indicated by Holbrook and Hirschman (1982), encounters have consistently been at the core of the diversion business remembering for games. At the point when fans have great encounters in the office, there is more noteworthy incitement to their recurrent participation Many examinations have started to give close consideration to consumers’ encounters by means of their five detects: sight, sound, contact, smell and taste (Gobã ©, 2001, et al). A higher caliber or all the more remarkable tactile experience has been appeared to impact the degree of the buy and, when positive, bring about a more elevated level of client reliability. Anderson and Sullivan (1993), shopper fulfillment is one of the most significant indicators of customer maintenance. Customarily, item or administration quality is one of the most impressive determinants of consumer loyalty and social, notwithstanding, lat er work has concentrated on continuing the brand and client experience. Then again, sport advertising specialists have fundamentally centered around two kinds of predecessors that lead to consumer loyalty and social aim: * Core item * Customer administration As per Westerbeek and Shilbury (1999), in the elite athletics industry, an arena is a significant scene wherein sport shoppers legitimately expend and experience sports, and social cooperation is a key component that influences spectators’ arena experience. Sigmon et al, 2002, explored that fans likewise report encountering a sentiment of home in their home arena, to certain fans, an expert team’s arena isn't only an office; it is their brain science home. The reason for this investigation is to give an increasingly complete comprehension of the erotic, social, and mental parts of the game utilization experience inside the arena. In particular, the motivation behind this exploration is to build up a dependable, legitimate size of the sensoryscape. 2.0 Theoretical Background and Hypotheses 2.1 Sensory Experience Consumers’ tangible encounters assume a significant job in their view of the worth organizations give; in any case, the tactile experience alone may not ensure that buyers recollect the experience An arena can be viewed as a â€Å"sensoryscapeâ€Å" which gives a noteworthy encounter by speaking to every one of the five detects. Gaffney and Bale (2004) recommended five arousing factors that influence arena encounters: sight, sound, contact, smell, taste. Gaffney and Bale (2004) proposed five exotic variables that influence arena encounters. Almost certainly, increasingly positive encounters of the sensoryscape lead to more significant levels of fulfillment with the arena experience. In light of the writing we propose the accompanying theory: H1: More positive encounters of the sensoryscape will prompt more elevated levels of fulfillment with the arena experience. 2.2 Social Interaction The impact of social cooperation on arena fulfillment might be more straightforward and striking. Further, there is some proof that social communication can invigorate communisis, however this impact has been indicated distinctly on account of uber occasions. It isn't certain whether social connection can and shows a similar involvement with littler, all the more routinely happening occasions. Perceiving the absence of information with respect with the impact of social cooperation, the accompanying theory is proposed: H2: Social association will have a positive and direct effect on arena experience fulfillment. 2.3 Sense of Home As indicated by Crawford (2004), pro game groups have a critical connect to the particular spot where they are found. Further, at the cultural level, the game setting turns into a â€Å"emblem of locality† that speaks to a town and its inhabitants Therefore, it is sensible to accept that when fan’s experience their team’s arena as home, their general arena fulfillment with the scene will increment. H3: A feeling of home will have a positive and direct effect on arena experience fulfillment. 2.4 Relationship Among Sensoryscape, Social Interaction, and Sense of Home Research obviously recommends that the sensoryscape, social connection, and feeling of home should each influence fan’s fulfillment with the arena; in any case, There are reason for anticipating that the three variables should be connected with each other. It is sensible to expect that the tactile scape may add to spectators’ experience of the arena as home. Then again, the individuals who look to feel a feeling of home are bound to be responsive to the tangible scape. H4: Sensoryscape, social communication, and feeling of home will be corresponded with each other. 2.5 Stadium Satisfaction and Repeat Attendance. Anderson and Sullivan (1993) and Oliver (1980), purchaser fulfillment bas been the subject of much consideration with regards to observer sports, as a result of its effect on consumers’ conduct goals and client maintenance. Fulfilled shoppers will in general report more grounded repurchase aims, and are bound to prescribe the items or administrations bought to others This investigation centers around consumers’ arena experience fulfillment as opposed to their game fulfillment. Arena fulfillment will be characterized as a game consumer’s by and large assessment and related feelings dependent on all encounters inside the arena. H5: Stadium experience fulfillment will have a positive and direct effect on future expectation to return to. 3.0 Methodology Minor setting: Data were gathered face to face for the small time setting, the inspecting for the Round Rock Express. An aggregate of 218 finished. Guys were 59%, age from 11 to 85 years (M = 40.7). Most respondents were White (71%) trailed by Hispanic (16%). Significant setting: Data for the Houston Astros were gathered by means of an online survey.A aggregate of 259 finished reactions were acquired for the investigation. Guys were 64%, and age extended from 15 to 77 years (M= 34.6). most respondents were White (67%) trailed by Hispanic (21%). 3.1 Measurement Onlookers appraised every thing on a 7-point Likert scale running from 1 (firmly deviate) to 7 (unequivocally concur). The survey for the scale approval study included five measures: the sensoryscape, social association, feeling of home, purchaser fulfillment at the arena, and rehash participation. All out things are 33. 3.2 Data Analysis Auxiliary condition models (SEM) utilizing AMOS were led independently for every specific circumstance (i.e., significant class and small time) to test the conjectured connections among the sensoryscape, social cooperation, feeling of home, arena experience fulfillment, and aim to return to in both major and small time settings. 4.0 Result 4.1 Major League Context The basic model demonstrated that the sensoryscape, social cooperation, and feeling of home clarified 71.1% of the difference in fulfillment with the Houston Astros’ arena, and that these four variables anticipated 45.1% of the fluctuation in spectators’ aim to retum to the arena. Connections among the sensoryscape, social communication, and feeling of home were huge: 0.35 < r < 0.49, p < . H4 was upheld. The four ways were all critical: 0.22 < g < 0.68,, P < 0.01. Subsequently, H1, H2, H3, and H5 in the significant alliance setting were bolstered, 4.2 Minor League Context The basic model demonstrated that the sensoryscape, social association, and feeling of home clarified 70.5% of the fluctuation in fulfillment with the Round Rock Express arena experience; these four variables anticipated 55% of the change in spectators‘ expectation to retum to the Round Rock Express’ arena. The connections among the sensoryscape, social association, and feeling of home were huge: 0.19 < r < 0.44, p < 0.01 H4 was bolstered. All the four ways between inactive factors were huge: 0.17 < g < 0.15, p < 0.01. H1, H2, H3, and were bolstered. 5.0 Discussion The Sensoryscape scale , including 22-thing, five-measurement scale is a solid and substantial instrument to gauge fans’ arena experience. The most critical factor influencing spectators‘ by and large arena fulfillment was the sensoryscape for both major and small time settings. In spite of the fact that the extent of the impact was a lot higher in the small time setting than in the significant group setting, social association positively affected arena fulfillment Spectators’ fulfillment is emphatically and genuinely affected by feeling of home with the arena involvement with both major and small time setting. This additionally offers proposals for upgrading fans’ feeling of the arena as home: * First, advertisers should discover more ways for observers to come into contact with the arena and pictures of the arena. * Further, sport groups can have more dream camps where dream camp members can play with or have exercises from the team’s players. It f ound that the relationship between's the sensoryscape and social cooperation in the two settings was comparable in its greatness, the connection between's social collaboration and feeling of home was a lot higher in the small time setting than in significant association setting, and the relationship between's

Reasons Youll Fall in Love with Yales Location Culture

Yale University might be one of the Ivy League colleges, however numerous candidates are as yet careful about its area and culture, particularly when contrasted with its Ivy League partners like Harvard and Princeton. Stressed over the living condition in New Haven? Dont - take it from these Yale students:e.harburgYale ‘18Yale is over each of the a steady and supporting environmentnot something you find at each top level school. I really feel like Im a piece of a bigger network that I can contact and learn from.FishstarkYale ‘17New Haven is an INCREDIBLE city with a ton of chances to get included, a rich history and culture, and extraordinary food, shopping, and expressions alternatives. Ive truly appreciated becoming more acquainted with the city; it feels like far beyond simply where Yale is, its as much my home as Yale. A few people dont decide to draw in with it to an extreme, which is a disgrace. The individuals who do are never disappointed.YalebulldogYale ‘15 Understudies at Yale are extremely modest and sensible. Also, Yale is putting such a lot of cash in technical studies, so discovering research openings here is extremely simple. Everything necessary is sending an email to an educator. There are likewise such a large number of associations to pay for the expense of your lodging and food while doing explore. Your examination doesn't need to be at Yale. You can be anyplace on the planet and Yale will remain pay for you-it doesn't make a difference on the off chance that you are on monetary guide or not. Yale likewise has an extremely solid exhorting and supporting framework. They truly take a generally excellent consideration of you, scholastically, socially and monetarily. Such a significant number of guides to request help thus numerous advocates to request non-scholastic help.annemariemcdanielYale ‘16 My preferred thing about Yale University was the energy, eagerness, and character of the understudy body, and how Yale cultivated that bond. Understudies are haphazardly alloted to one of the twelve private school (consider them Hogwarts Houses, however without the Sorting Hat) that make networks inside the college. For each of the four years at Yale, you live in private school only for your school, you play intramurals as a group, you have your own feasting corridor, library, amusement room, and rec center inside your structure, and you figure out how to become companions with around 100 individuals in your school. Yale additionally makes solid networks through its solid help of clubs, giving them the cash, space, and exposure to have occasions both of all shapes and sizes for understudies. You frequently become acquainted with individuals inside your significant well, since you likely take comparative classes for your four years, yet additionally get the chance to make companions a nd get familiar with different teaches through the distributional necessities, which resemble general instruction guidelines at different schools. At the point when I visited Yale for Bulldog Days, I felt how the Yale people group would assist me with growing, make long lasting fellowships, and feel comfortable at Yale. Is it true that you are hoping to apply to Yale? Picking where to head off to college is an extraordinarily significant choice. Settle on an educated decision by conversing with current understudies on ourmentorship stage. Access 60,000+ successfulcollege application filesuploaded by understudies (they get paid when you see them). is a network of understudies helping understudies. We will likely bring genuinely necessary straightforwardness to advanced education.

Stata Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Stata Project - Essay Example From the above calculations, one can be 99% certain that the populaces mean help level of the Londoners in help for the â€Å"Living Wage† is somewhere in the range of 53.36 and 79.9734 that is basing on an example of 15 members. From the estimations, the mean help level of the Londoners in help for the â€Å"Living Wage† was seen as 66.6667 demonstrating that there exists backing of the â€Å"Living Wage† among the Londoners however anyway it's anything but a full help. Full help would have implied a normal of 100 which isn't the situation as directed by the figures. A cross organization was done so as to explore the connection between the good book and the training level (educ). The table underneath shows the outcomes produced in stata. From the table plainly there is a noteworthy degree of reliance between the book of scriptures and the instruction level (educ). The thought that individuals have of the holy book depends to some more prominent degree on the training scale (level). As indicated by the table, p-value=0.000

One Easy Way To Deepen Any Emotional Moment - Freewrite Store

One Easy Way To Deepen Any Emotional Moment - Freewrite Store As narrators, we become extremely mindful of specific trendy expressions as they will in general be strung into most composing articles, workshops, and how-to books. Show don’t tell, strain, strife, backstory†¦these are extremely significant ideas that surface over and over on the grounds that they don’t have a place in one box named â€Å"Plot† or â€Å"Character.† Of these trendy expressions, one stands over the rest: feeling. Feeling is the incredible current that moves through all aspects of our story, from the plot and characters to the setting, pacing, theme†¦and past. It contacts everything, giving all layers of our story a more profound significance, and in particular of all, it interfaces perusers to our characters by means of compassion. On the off chance that we can’t make that compassion interface where perusers feel genuinely put resources into what’s occurring, the book will close and the peruser will proceed onward. So figuring out how to compose feeling admirably is likely our top employment as scholars. The way to sympathy is actually quite basic: draw from this present reality in a way that makes a moment (and ground-breaking) feeling of enthusiastic acknowledgment. As such, expound on things that are consistent with life and critical to perusers. Things they themselves have encountered and felt. Thusly, we can support â€Å"shared experiences† where the peruser isn’t simply tracking, yet effectively captivating to where they feel something profound and important themselves. There are numerous approaches to hone the passionate effect of a scene. Here’s one that is regularly neglected. Feelings In Conflict On the off chance that there’s one thing we think about this present reality, it is that life is rarely straightforward, and this streams directly down to our essential feelings. Life would be so a lot simpler in the event that we could generally characterize precisely what we feel in each second, and have the option to follow up on these feelings. The thing is, frequently we can’t in light of the fact that we are feeling a few things on the double, and of these, some are in struggle. Let’s take a gander at a natural situation for scholars: You’ve worked like insane to sharpen your specialty. You’ve read books by the bookshelf, put many hours before the console, taken workshops, joined investigate gatherings, examined and questioned, and finally†¦you’ve sold your first book! All the difficult work and the grief en route was justified, despite all the trouble: an agreement, a development, a discharge date. Huzzah! You should feel elated at accomplishing your objective, correct? Yeah†¦no.  Rather, you feel a blend of euphoria, pride, vindication, stress, uncertainty, and dread. Why? Since while your enthusiasm and devotion paid off, presently you’re confronted with what’s next: an agreement implies desires, obligations, and cutoff times. Imagine a scenario where you blow the alters. Imagine a scenario where the book neglects to sell well. Imagine a scenario where you botch the subsequent book your distributer likewise contracted?Suddenly this most distinguished accomplishment additionally turns into a stumble into the most profound compasses of your weakness as you question whether you’re prepared for the pressure and weight of the assignment ahead.â. Clashing feelings are a piece of our consistently, making them part of the reader’s consistently, as well. During any passionate second, we feel a scope of things. But regularly in fiction, the passionate experience we convey is one-note, a solitary feeling. We portray the character as being cheerful however non-verbal communication, inside sensations, discourse, and POV considerations. Or then again, in the event that we give a passionate range, it is a reciprocal one, where we show a character upbeat and appreciative and quiet completely folded into one. Enthusiastic encounters are normally intricate, and contain both positive and negative components. A character purchasing their first vehicle is likely practically jumpy eager to drive it off the parcel so they can journey by their friend’s house and show it off. In any case, in the event that we burrow further, perhaps as opposed to going full-out, pedal to the floor, they’re driving more circumspectly. Why? Since getting into a mishap isn’t an alternative. They stretched out themselves right to purchase this vehicle and can’t bear to supplant it. Indeed, perhaps the euphoric surge of this new extreme ride diminishes a little as they begin to stress over how to bear the cost of the installments. The character doesn’t consistently coexist with his chief, and keeping in mind that he fuss about work (what twenty-something doesn’t?) presently perhaps he has a touch of freshly discovered appreciation toward his manager. The character acknowledges he’s fortunate to have the activity, and perhaps he should invest more exertion to ensure h e keeps it.â Like this circumstance, feelings influence thought and action.When clashing feelings are included, it makes an entrancing push-and maneuver impact that perusers lock onto in light of the fact that they know precisely what it’s like to feel restricting things and the quandaries that occasionally result. Your Turn! Whenever you plunk down to compose the enthusiastic movement of a scene, challenge yourself to incorporate a portion of different feelings rising underneath the surface. Demonstrating a couple of traces of clashing conduct, (for example, needing to let ‘er tear to perceive what another vehicle is able to do however driving reasonably rather) can be a characteristic portal permitting you to acquaint restricting feelings with perusers. Angela Ackerman is a composing mentor, worldwide speaker, and co-writer of five top rated books including, The Emotion Thesaurus: A Writer’s Guide to Character Expression. Her well known aides are accessible in six dialects, are sourced by US colleges, and are utilized by writers, screenwriters, editors, and analysts around the globe. Angela is additionally the prime supporter of the famous website Writers Helping Writers, just as One Stop for Writers, an imaginative online library loaded up with apparatuses and assets to assist scholars with hoisting their narrating. She would cherish you to visit at some point, and enrollment is in every case free.

Essay --

â€Å"The years that are gone appear dreamsâ€if one may continue resting and dreamingâ€but to wake up and findâ€oh! well! Maybe it is smarter to wake up all things considered, even to endure, as opposed to stay a hoodwink to fantasies all one’s life† says Edna at her meeting with Doctor Mandelet (151). In Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, Edna is continually at chances with her own feelings of trepidation †her freedom; in any case, throughout the novel, Chopin uncovers a more profound side to Edna. She doesn't fear being distant from everyone else, she fears being without herself. It is likewise uncovered that her general public is frequently against her self-finding preferring an increasingly customary female job. In its last scene, The Awakening offers perusers an increasingly mind boggling technique to acquire opportunity, demise. Edna’s self destruction uncovers her last arousing, breaking liberated from all the weights that dilemma her. Edna’s renewals in Grand Isle and in New Orleans set her up for disappointment by driving her to comprehend her absence of alternatives. Edna’s first arousing is the point at which she understands that she isn't content with her life as a housewife. This enlivening is acknowledged while Edna is at an evening gathering with Md. Ratignolle and her better half. At the point when she showed up home, she â€Å"felt discouraged instead of soothed† (75). She at that point goes on and â€Å"st[omps] upon her wedding ring† (76). This represents Edna’s want to escape from marriage inside and out, however her failure to smash the ring demonstrates her frailty to break liberated from her detainment. Edna gets through the job given to her by society; she learns her own character free of her better half and youngsters. Edna later understands that she can't be equivalent to Mademoiselle Reisz. Edna doesn't have the lighthearted disposition of Reisz and stills batt les with social appro... ... what's more, escape. With her demise she is giving up herself to opportunity. Her demise via ocean is an image of her permitting herself to beat her vagueness about her personhood. Taking everything into account, The Awakening finished in the main way it could have, with Edna’s demise. Edna’s absence of choices and her dread of isolation lead to her demise. In any case, Chopin transformed her demise into something considerably more important than only an approach to end the novel. Edna’s last arousing is understanding that she can't do the things that needed to do. With this she picks passing before defeating her issues. Kate Chopin compares this dread of living alone with her dread of biting the dust such that makes Edna appear to be triumphant. She uncovered her self destruction not as an annihilation yet as a triumph over social weight and fears. Chopin utilized Edna’s demise represents her last arousing and her capacity to beat her obstructions.

Dont forget about todays fellowship deadline COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Dont forget about todays fellowship deadline COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Ill try to keep things short because I know youre busy finalizing your application for admission. (Hint, hint.) Anyone who wants to be considered for Fall admission to the two year MIA/MPA/MPA-DP program has until this evening to submit their completed application. When I say completed, I mean  absolutely everything on the checklist. Every recommendation letter, essay response, transcript, and test score. If any part of your application is missing it will be considered ineligible for review as part of the fellowship round.  If that happens youre still eligible to apply for admission (without fellowship consideration), and youll have an extra month to get your materials together. If you dont know what youre missing, take a look at your Status Page for a little help. Youve also been getting weekly or biweekly emails detailing whats missing, so there shouldnt be any confusion on whats needed. (The last missing materials email went out on Dec. 26.) When you submit your application youll receive three messages: One message confirming you paid your deposit (an auto-response from the system and another within 24 hours from us after youve paid it); one message confirming youve  submitted your application within 24 hours; and a third message within two to four weeks confirming your application is  complete. As long as you receive the submitted email, youre golden well consider you  under tonights deadline. The completed email just means weve physically reviewed all of your materials by hand and that its good to move on to the Admissions Committee. Some of you may be missing something minor and wont receive this email right away. In that case, well contact you directly to update your application, and you may or may not still be considered under the appropriate deadline (its at the discretion of the Admissions Committee). For example, if you made an honest mistake and uploaded your personal statement twice and your policy essay as an additional document or a transcript, well fix the error and will still consider you for the round. But if you upload a blank document in place of your required score report because you failed to take an  exam (which is required), then that could be considered  a fraudulent action. (Still confused on the difference between submitted and completed? Read this.) I dont want to stress anyone out, but just be aware of what youre doing in your application. Take advantage of the Review tab in your application and preview your application proof prior to submission. What you see is what Admissions Committee sees when they review your app, so there shouldnt be any surprises regarding what youve submitted to us. So how late can you submit your app today? Well, for all of you who love to teeter on the edge of procrastination and sheer luck, you have until 11:59 p.m. EST (UTC-5) tonight to hit that submit button. I recommend you turn in everything earlier in the day in case you run into any technical glitches. Why? Well, unfortunately our helpline closes at 5:00 p.m., so if you run into any issues afterward youre on your own.

SAT Math Disguised Average Questions

Sometimes the challenge in the SAT Math section isn’t doing the math: it’s knowing what math to do. Consider this problem. The sum of 7 consecutive even integers is 224. What integer has the least value in the list? 16 18 26 29 32 The simplest solution involves finding the average (arithmetic mean) of the seven numbers. But how would you know to calculate the average? After all, the question seems to be about numbers and operations, not descriptive statistics. Here are your clues: the words consecutive and sum. For any list of consecutive integers, the average will equal the median. And since the median will fall in the middle of the list, once you’ve found the median you can count down in the list to the lowest value. Average = Sum of the Values à · The Number of Values 32 = 224 à · 7 32 = Median 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38 Thus, (C) is correct. Did the list surprise you? You may have been expecting to see this: 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35. But the question refers to a list of consecutive even integers. Make sure you read—and reread—disguised average questions carefully. Keep an eye out for words like â€Å"even† and â€Å"odd.† If you’re not paying attention, you may end up picking a wrong answer like (D). Try a few more problems for practice. Remember: when you’re given the sum of a set of consecutive integers—be they odd, even, or otherwise patterned—consider calculating the average of those integers. The average will give you the median, and the median will put you in the middle of the list. The sum of 7 consecutive integers is 406. If the numbers are arranged from least to greatest, what is the value of the second integer in the list? 56 57 58 59 60 What is the greatest of 5 consecutive odd integers if the sum of these integers is 255? 51 53 55 57 59 A list of 5 integers is made up of consecutive multiples of 5. If the sum of these five numbers is 675, what is the number with the least value in the list? 100 125 133 135 175 Answers: 1.(A) 2.(C) 3.(B)

Children s Books An Essential Part Of A Child s Life

Children’s books are an essential part of a child’s life because they enhance the development of language and critical thinking skills. This provides a solid foundation of learning for adolescents that will stick with them forever. Books have the power to alter a child’s life and influence their thoughts and decisions as they grow. It affects a child’s perspective on society and how they fit into it (Hunt, 1998). Literature has significantly changed over time because it tends to reflect the society of the day and since society is constantly changing, so is literature. Literature reflects changes in all aspects of life in including gender, race and disability issues. All children’s literature is important to study because, no matter how hurtful or different it may seem from todays writings, it reflects a society that used to exist (Galda, 2013). Many children’s books today would seem politically incorrect because of how different the so ciety used to be, even though it seemed completely appropriate back then. To understand society and how literature affects it, it is important to look at children’s books and how they have changed over time, what values they are trying to teach young children and how this affects children’s development. How Literature Has Changed Over Time Literature directed towards children has significantly changed its course since it was first published a long time ago. Books for children began being published in abundance in the seventeenthShow MoreRelatedColoring Of Coloring Books For Children990 Words   |  4 PagesThrough the activity of coloring books, children can enjoy themselves and have fun. But another wonderful benefit of coloring for children, is the opportunity to improve focus and coordination. Improving the ability to sit and focus can carry over into many other areas of a child s life. 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Matrimonial Regimes - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2406 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Matrimonial Regimes Keith and Erika have been married for the last five years. Before they married they decided that their future common property should be governed by the Community of Acquests regime. Keith was never a good administrator of his own money and during the last months, Erika found out that Keith had invested community money in unsecure businesses. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Matrimonial Regimes" essay for you Create order Moreover, he has lent money to his friends and has spent a considerable amount of money in futile objects in order to pursue his hobbies. Erika is very angry with her husband and although she does not wish to separate from him, she intends to safeguard her property, monies and any future money that the couple may earn. She is pregnant with their first child and has left her job to bring up the baby. Advise Erika as to her remedies at law. Introduction: The Community of Acquests regime was primarily introduced in order to ensure the economical protection of the weaker spouse, i.e., women'[1], and to equalize the position of women and men in the traditional sense of marriage with a male breadswinner and a female housewife'[2]. Through this system, all property enlisted under article 1320 of the Civil Code forms a part of a common pool, over which both spouses may exercise acts of ordinary administration a right which previously appertained solely to the husband: Mà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢hemmx dubju li qabel l-1993, ir-rapprezentanza legali u guridika tal-komunjoni taà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ l-akkwisti kienet vestita fà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢idejn ir-ragel biss, li wahdu setaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ jagixxi u jiddisponi mill-assi tal-komunjoni kwazi bla xkiel. Bl-Att XXI tal-1993, li emenda l-Kodici Civili, il-posizzjoni inbiddlet u r-rapprezentanza tal-komunjoni taà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ l-akkwisti giet affdata fil-koppja mizzewga[3] Therefore, the wife now enjoys an undisputed legal right to contribute to the administration of the community property. Indeed, she has a vested interest to ensure that their money is well managed and if her personal or family interests are being jeopardised, she is granted remedies to protect them. Administration of Property: L-Artikolu 1322(1) tal-Kodici Civili jiddisponi li l-amministrazzjoni ordinarja taà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ l-akkwisti u l-jedd li wiehed iharrek jew jigi mharrek dwar dik l-amministrazzjoni ordinarja imissu lil kull wahda m ill-partijiet mizzewga. Min-naha l-ohra, l-Artikolu 1322(2) jipprovdi li l-jedd li jitwettqu l-atti taà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ amministrazzjoni straordinarja, u l-jedd li wiehed iharrek jew jigi mharrek dwar dawk l-atti imissu liz-zewg mizzewgin flimkien.[4] With regard to the case at hand, Erika cannot be expected to rely on the belief that her spouse will request her consent before performing the limited number of acts under article 1322(3), that although relate to major decisions affecting community property, are exhaustive[5]. Whilst lack of consent may lead to the annulment of certain acts[6], still, few of the acts she complained of may be classified as extraordinary. Under their current regime, it would be unlawful for the spouses to enter into a post-nuptial agreement whereby administration is vested solely in the wife article 1318 specifically bans the spouses from derogating from the provisions under sub-title III[7]. Nonetheless, this may be done through court authorisat ion. Article 1325 allows Erika to request the court to order the exclusion of her husband, either generally or limitedly, from the administration of the community of acquests. She must prove, on a balance of probabilities, that he either: (a) is not competent to administer, or (b) has mismanaged the community. This request was upheld in the case of Mary Grech vs. Reno Grech[8], whereby the court argued that this remedy was merited due to the intense disinterest that the husband had towards his business, a quality mirrored in his lack of participation in the judicial proceedings[9]. The court noted that in absence of specific requirements in the law[10], the spouse may proceed by any application, sworn or not. Furthermore, it recognised that such a request need not be accompanied by a case of personal separation: il-qorti ma tarax li ngabulha ragunijiet sufficjenti ghax ghandha tillimita l-applikazzjoni ta dan l-Artikolu'[11]. Finally, the court ordered that the Registrar is noti fied of the decision, a vital requirement as per article 1325(3) so that third parties are informed. Consequently, this remedy appears to be very favourable for Erika if it is successful, the administration of the community shall, to the extent to which Keith has been excluded, vest exclusively with her. There exist very similar provisions under Italian[12] and French[13] law. Interestingly, the grounds enlisted in the French text are drafted in a more specific manner than the Maltese equivalent: Si lun des ÃÆ' ©poux se trouve, dune maniÃÆ' ¨re durable, hors dÃÆ' ©tat de manifester sa volontÃÆ' ©, ou sil met en pÃÆ' ©ril les intÃÆ' ©rÃÆ' ªts de la famille, soit en laissant dÃÆ' ©pÃÆ' ©rir ses propres, soit en dissipant ou dÃÆ' ©tournant les revenus quil en retire.[14] Thus, fortunately for the requesting spouse, article 1325 is open to wider judicial interpretation. The French court may nominate an administrateur judiciaire[15] a figure absen t in our code and one worth considering in future amendments defined by Dyson as a person nominated by the court to administer assets in an estate when the need arises[16]. Although not specified in the French code, his responsibility presumably arises pendente lite and ceases after judgement is passed. Allowing the possibility to appoint a permanent or temporary administrator to manage the spouses property is another option for legislators to consider. In serious cases of dead lock between the spouses, it would be ideal to have their property administrated by a trusted professional this would remove future hostility between the spouses all the while safeguarding their assets. Separation of Property: Erika may also resort to a complete judicial separation of their property, and from the acts complained of, she could have an action under 1332(1)(b)[17]. In Angeline Schembri vs. Francis Schembri, described by the First court as kaz klassiku taà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ dilapidazzjoni tal-beni minn wiehed mill-konjugi'[18], it was held that in order to apply 1332(1)(b) one need not prove that damage has actually occurred, nor did the husband need to be affected by some uncontrollable vice: hu bizzejjed imgieba li tipperikola l-interess tal-konjugi l-iehor, tal-komunjoni tal-akkwisti, jew tal-familja'[19] a test which is at the courts discretion. The fact that the husbands conduct was wholly egoistic, lead to the termination of their regime and the separation of acquests, to be effective from the date when the judgement became final. In AB vs. CB[20], the court noted that traditionally, the husband was the head of the familys finances yet, even prior to the 1993 amendments, this did not entitle him to conceal all financial information from his wife. Interestingly, the court upheld plaintiffs plea under 1332(1)(d) where one of the spouses has been excluded from the administration in terms of article 1325, either generally or to a great extent; albeit no refere nce was made to article 1325. In the former case, the court quoted Italian jurisprudence[21] and article 193 of the Italian Civil Code. With a difference to our code, the latter clarifies which regime is to regulate the property of the spouses after judicial separation is pronounced that of separazione dei beni. One would assume that in Malta, the same would apply since upon partition, one half of the community is acquired by each spouse[22]. This property, not being community or dotal, becomes paraphernal and is retained and administered by the exclusive owner thereof. This regime does not offer protection to the wife in the traditional breadwinner and housewife scenario. If Erika opted for a separation of estates upon dissolution of the community property, her assets, even if properly administered, would eventually run out as she has no income. Her situation would be the same under CORSA[23]. A spouse may appoint the other as his agent[24] however, this would not necessaril y exclude the former from administration. Furthermore, Keith would have to agree to this, it cannot be done unilaterally by Erika. Conclusion: An ideal remedy would be the fondo patrimoniale found under Italian law. This may be established alongside another regime a far fronte ai bisogni della famiglia'[25]. The assets that form part of the fund are subject to strict rules on administration, use, disposal and creditor claims securing assets available for the interests of the family. Nonetheless, there is no equivalent option under Maltese law. Erika may apply to the court under article 6A[26] for its assistance in order to reach an amicable settlement, or provide the most fitting solution in the interest of the family. For instance, the court may recommend the separation of their community property, together with an agreement whereby administration of income generated by either, is in the hands of the wife. Both spouses have a lawful duty to maintain the family[27]. The refore, if the husband is incapable of managing their assets as a bonus pater familias, there is a great risk that the court will order his exclusion from exercising rights over the community of acquests. Consequently, in light of the circumstances, article 1325 is, in my opinion, the best available option for Erika. Bibliography Books and Journals Dyson H, French Property and Inheritance Law: Principles and Practice (Oxford University Press 2003) Raoila V and Salomone L, Il regime patrimoniale della famiglia (Cedam 2008) ReÃ…Â ¡etar B, Matrimonial Property in Europe: A Link between Sociology and Family Law (2008) 12.3 EJCL Thesis Muscat M, Marriage Contracts and Matrimonial Regimes: A Local and European Perspective (LL.D. thesis, University of Malta 2011) Table of Legislation The Civil Code (Chapter 16 of the Laws of Malta) The Code of Organisation and Civil Procedure (Chapter 12 of the Laws of Malta) The French Civil Code The Italian Civil C ode Table of Case law AB vs. CB [2011] Civil Court Family Section 2806/1997/1 Alfred Brown et vs. John Mifsud [2005] Court of Appeal (Civil Superior) 134/2001/1 Angeline Schembri vs. Francis Schembri [2009] Civil Court Family Section 17/2006; [2011] Court of Appeal 17/2006/1 Elmo Insurance Services Ltd vs. Edwin Pace et. [2003] Court of Appeal (Civil Superior) 122/1998/1. Jennifer Debono pro et vs. Rohan Debono [2000] Mary Grech vs. Reno Grech [2001] First Court Civil Hall 271/1996/2 Salvatore Cilia vs. Gaetana Cilia. [1955] Court of Appeal (Civil, Superior) vol. 39B part I 212 [1] Branka ReÃ…Â ¡etar, Matrimonial Property in Europe: A Link between Sociology and Family Law (2008) 12.3 EJCL lt;https://www.ejcl.org/123/art123-4.pdfgt; accessed 11 March 2014. [2] ReÃ…Â ¡etar (no 2). [3] Alfred Brown et vs. John Mifsud [2005] Court of Appeal (Civil Superior) 134/2001/1; See also Salvatore Cilia vs. Gaetana Cilia. [1955] Court of Appeal (Civil, Superior) vol. 39B part I 212: l-amministrazzjoni taà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ lÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ akkwisti konjugali tmiss lirÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ raÃÆ'„ ¡el, illi quddiem it-terzi, jistaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ jaghmel minnhom daqs li kieki kienu hwejjgu. [4] Brown vs. Mifsud (no 3). [5] see Elmo Insurance Services Ltd vs. Edwin Pace et. [2003] Court of Appeal (Civil Superior) 122/1998/1. [6] Article 1326(1) of the Civil Code (CC): Acts which require the consent of both spouses but which are performed by one spouse without the consent of the other spouse may be annulled at the request of the latter spouse where such acts relate to the alienation or constitution of a real or personal right over immovable property; and where such acts relate to movable property they may only be annulled where the rights over them have been conferred by gratuitous title. [7] Thereby including article 1322 CC relating to the joint right of administration. [8] [2001] First Court Civil Hall 271/1996/2. [9] Grech vs. Grech (no 8): Illi n-nuqqas ta interess li wera l-konvenut fdawn il-proceduri huwa ssorpassat biss bin-nuqqas ta interess li jidher li wera fit-tmexxija tan-negozju tieghu stess. [10] Here the court made reference to article 125(1) of the Code of Organisation and Civil Procedure. [11] Here the court was making reference to the case of Jennifer Debono pro et vs. Rohan Debono [2000] which dealt with article 1323 yet the former court applied the concept mutatis mutandis to article 1325. [12] see Article 183 Italian Civil Code. [13] see Arti cle 1429 French Civil Code. The French Code also contains a similar provision under article 1426, the equivalent of which is not found under Maltese law. The latter relates to the request for substitution a spouse is granted the right to exercise powers which previously appertained to the other spouse due to maladministration by the latter. [14] Article 1429 French CC: Si lun des ÃÆ' ©poux se trouve, dune maniÃÆ' ¨re durable, hors dÃÆ' ©tat de manifester sa volontÃÆ' ©, ou sil met en pÃÆ' ©ril les intÃÆ' ©rÃÆ' ªts de la famille, soit en laissant dÃÆ' ©pÃÆ' ©rir ses propres, soit en dissipant ou dÃÆ' ©tournant les revenus quil en retire, il peut, ÃÆ'   la demande de son conjoint, ÃÆ' ªtre dessaisi des droits dadministration et de jouissance qui lui sont reconnus par larticle prÃÆ' ©cÃÆ' ©dent. Les dispositions des articles 1445 ÃÆ'   1447sont applicables ÃÆ'   cette demande. [15] Article 1429 French CC: A moins que la nomination dun administrateur judiciaire napparaisse nÃÆ' ©cessaire, le jugement confÃÆ' ¨re au conjoint demandeur le pouvoir dadministrer les propres de lÃÆ' ©poux dessaisi, ainsi que den percevoir les fruits, qui devront ÃÆ' ªtre appliquÃÆ' ©s par lui aux charges du mariage et lexcÃÆ' ©dent employÃÆ' © au profit de la communautÃÆ' ©. [16] Henry Dyson, French Property and Inheritance Law: Principles and Practice (Oxford University Press 2003) 422. [17] Article 1332(1)(b) CC: where the disordered state of affairs of one spouse or his or her conduct in relation to the administration of the acquests jeopardises the interest of the community of acquests, or of the family or of the spouse requesting the judicial separation of property. [18] [2009] Civil Court Family Section 17/2006. [19] Schembri vs. Schembri (no 18) confirmed by Court of Appeal [2011] 17/2006/1. [20] [2011] Civil Court Family Section 2806/1997/1. Interestingly, both in this case and in Schem bri vs. Schembri, the courts emphasized that this action is distinct from the existence of separation proceedings between the spouses: hi ndipendenti mill-krizi matrimonjali li jistghu jkunu ghaddejjin minnha l-konjugi [Schembri (no 18)]. [21] V Raoila and L Salomone, Il regime patrimoniale della famiglia (Cedam 2008) 138: La cattiva amministrazione della comunione intendendosi come cattiva amministrazione non solo quella compiuta in mala fede o con semplice negligenza ma anche quella che integra gli estremi di abuso dei diritti di amministrazione, ad esempio alienazioni a titolo gratuito di beni della comunione e il compimento, in genere, di atti di straordinaria amministrazione senza il necessario assenso dellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢altro coniuge, allorcheà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ tali atti per la loro importanza, siano tali da essere di grave pregiudizio per la comunione medesima. [22] Article 1333 CC. [23] Article 1339(1) CC: Under the system of community of residue under separate a dministration the acquisitions made by each of the spouses during the marriage shall be held and administered by the spouse by whom such acquisitions are made [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]. [24] Article 1335 CC. [25] Article 167 Italian CC. [26] Article 6A is an innovative and opportune provision in theory, yet continues to gather dust in practice as it has rarely been resorted to since its enactment in 1993. [27] see Article 3B(1) CC.

Customer Service At The Real Estate Industry Essay

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Barbara and Electra Case Study Free Essays

Question(1):How might top management have done a better job changing Elektra Products into a new kind of organization? What might they do now to get the empowerment process back on track? Analysis of the case study Main issues – 1. Declining of Market shares 2. Few new product ideas or far between 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Barbara and Electra Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Poor staff relationship 4. Low staff morale Weaknesses- 1. approach in change management 2. Organizational culture 3. creating problem solving team 4. the process of employee involvement and empowerment 5. the facilitation by Martin Griffin The attempt to do staff empowerment is a nice try but it alone is not the complete solution for the root cause of the problems. In order to reach to the solution of all these issues, they have to find out what are the underlying causes of these issues. The newly hired Martin Griffin mentioned in the opening speech that â€Å"As we face increasing competition, we need new ideas, new energy and new spirit to make this company great. And the source for this change is you—each one of you. † Though he mentioned that each of the staff is important, he failed to allow everyone actively participates and play important role in the program. He neglected the importance of each and everyone’s contribution and effort to the program. He should have made understand what does it means by employee involvement and empowerment; how it will help the company solves the issues and, the ways to do and requirements for the staff involvement and empowerment program. It was worsen when the main facilitator, Martin Griffin, had excused from the session at the time Barbara and team enthusiastically presented their innovative ideas to department heads. The facilitator also fails to aim what kind of outputs he expects at the end of the session. For the successful empowerment program, the organization structure and its enabling environment is very critical. Trust building is very important part of the program especially in this situation where staff relationship and morale is poor. It is not only important for the top management level but also the department heads or managers from all other departments are important to accept the concept of staff involvement and empowerment. As the company is on its way of changing to a new era, every staff will have different perspective of interest on how it will affect their current roles, responsibilities and job security. All of which are worth to take in consideration in managing the change process. The managers are not so sure why they require these changes as they have been doing well in the past and they believe they can do it again. On the other hand, every staff has a different management theory and surely they are not on the same page with other management staff or with the company’s current management. It is quite critical to ensure that every management staff equipped with relevant knowledge and skills that will contribute the company’s strategic goals. The staff must have a common understanding of the organizational value, culture, strategic goals and how the empowerment process will add on the success of the organization. Instead of creating problem solving team with managers selected by top management, allow all managers to voluntarily work as cross-functional teams and come up with innovative ideas and opinions. By doing so, each team will have a representative from each specialized departments who has his or her own perspective and issue on the ideas. Contribution from different expertise and background will provide the ideas reach wider scope and reality. Then, each team should discuss the ideas with other teams which may require some modification and negotiation process. If everyone satisfies with the ideas, the staff involvement will be improved and the ideas will become action. It is natural that someone could resist the ideas or changes made by others. But if they are put in a position to be part of a cross-functional team that needs to come up with an innovative idea, the discussion environment among the team will tend to be more constructive. In addition, since the company is to undergo a big change, the top management should have implemented a good change management strategy and plan. They should also prepare a communication strategy and plan to inform the staff accordingly. So that it will be clear what is going to happen, why, how and who will be responsible in the change process. The communication strategy and plan is also important as the staffs are very concerned with the change and restructuring process. If the staffs are not well communicated about the changes, the restructuring with many rumors will encourage the staff leaving the organization and looking for a new job which will be a lost the trained and skillful human resources of Elektra. Recommendation to top management in changing Elektra to a new kind of organization and to get back empowerment process on track: * Ensure all staff understands what are the vision, mission and strategic goals of Elektra. * Recruit or train staff to ensure the organization is equipped with necessary skills for change management. For eg. Hire a skillful and experienced facilitator who can give time and have a sound facilitation plan. A good facilitation plan must aim some specific objectives, processes of facilitation and expected results * Make sure that everyone understand what empowerment is and why it is important and how it will contribute to the vision, mission and long-term strategic goals * Remove the process of selected problem solving team in an attempt to change Elektra and instead make them voluntarily participate in the cross-functional team which includes representative from each department, different backgrounds etc. Facilitate the department heads/managers to address the underlying causes of each problems in their sector from their perspective and reflect their past experiences * Group the causes and brainstorm all the managers what should they do to reach a solution to these problems so that they understand and practically involve in the change process * Create an organization structure that will enc ourage enabling environment and culture for the staff so that they can use their abilities and energies which can then lead to job satisfaction, motivation, commitment by employee. Implement a change management strategy and plan that will ensure the process is on track ( what, why, how and by who throughout the change process) and how it will be sustained. * Identify the transformation leadership team to steer the change and operational leadership team to manage the day-to-day deliverables. * Set a time frame for the change process to reach its goal as to ensure the urgency of the change and effectively response to the continuously evolving environment and available opportunities. * Make your strategy and plan be flexible, daptable, acceptable by all stakeholders and suitable for your company and operational environment so that the plan will be realistically implemented. * Implement a communication strategy and plan to ensure staff received relevant information with regards to the c hanges which will reflect their interests. * Ensure that the road map and milestones are carefully prioritize and aligned to reach strategic goals so that the manager can monitor and manage the success or failure in each step towards the strategic goals. Set your operating values in trying to achieve the goals that employee understand what the organization expect and values what kinds of behavior and attitude. * Organize programs and trainings that could enhance the leadership, shared value, cooperate culture and trust building * Build capacity of the staff to gain necessary skills and knowledge in implementing staff involvement and empowerment program Questions (2): Can you think of ways Barbara could have avoided the problems her team faced in the meeting with department heads? The problems with the department heads are due to the lack of cross-functional contribution, communication, mind-set, role and planning. It could be possible for Barbara to handle the situation by; Barbara and her team should have considered the impact of their ideas and possible response by concerned departments. If Barbara has carefully analyzed what could be the challenges of their ideas, she would have prepared for a back-up or contingency plan to negotiate the departmental heads. By this way her team will have full confident on their own ideas and the department heads will feel confident that the plan was crafted carefully. Barbara should open her mind by accepting for their active feedback with thanks as this is a good opportunity to turn the different department heads in the process. She should have faced the resistance and brought up the concern from each department heads. So that and she can start a cross-functional team to brainstorm the more realistic ideas looking from different perspective. Barbara should explain that the ideas shared by her team are only part of the solution to these problems within their scope and the team requires feedback and opinion in a wider scope from other departments. And before Martin Griffin leaves the workshop, she has to confirm with him that when will be the next workshop to hear feedback from Martin griffin about her team’s presentation. So that when the department heads resist and debate on the new ideas, she can note down the issues raised and let that the feedback from the department heads will be thoroughly discussed in next workshop. By doing so, the department heads will feel they also have a role in the process and Barbara got time to do a plan and consider possible solution to the issues so as to move forward the process. Questions (3): If you were Barbara Russell, what would you do now? Why? If I were Barbara Russell, I will work out to keep motivate my team. I will appreciate the team for their effort and contribution toward the company. I will make sure the team understands that for our ideas to be stronger, more realistic and practical for all of us, we need to look our ideas from various aspects as we have experienced that various departments have their own issues on our ideas. So, in order to successfully implement our ideas, we need collaboration and commitment from all other departments that we must find ways to solve the concerns of other departments. As working within our own team will limit our expertise and other resources, we require contribution of expertise from different sectors. We must find out a way to get support and collaboration from different departments. I will encourage my team to revisit our ideas, gather information from all departments, try to open our mind to accept, and respect the others’ perspective and ideas. I will discuss with Top management and Martin griffin about our team’s ideas, several issues raised by the department heads. I will reflect my experience during the presentation of our team’s ideas, expectation of other staff, feeling and concerns of other departments. I will discuss ways to allow all departments to work together as a whole and discuss what specific strategy and plan should we implement to manage the change process to ensure achievement of our strategic goals. How to cite Barbara and Electra Case Study, Free Case study samples

Barbara and Electra Case Study Free Essays

Question(1):How might top management have done a better job changing Elektra Products into a new kind of organization? What might they do now to get the empowerment process back on track? Analysis of the case study Main issues – 1. Declining of Market shares 2. Few new product ideas or far between 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Barbara and Electra Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Poor staff relationship 4. Low staff morale Weaknesses- 1. approach in change management 2. Organizational culture 3. creating problem solving team 4. the process of employee involvement and empowerment 5. the facilitation by Martin Griffin The attempt to do staff empowerment is a nice try but it alone is not the complete solution for the root cause of the problems. In order to reach to the solution of all these issues, they have to find out what are the underlying causes of these issues. The newly hired Martin Griffin mentioned in the opening speech that â€Å"As we face increasing competition, we need new ideas, new energy and new spirit to make this company great. And the source for this change is you—each one of you. † Though he mentioned that each of the staff is important, he failed to allow everyone actively participates and play important role in the program. He neglected the importance of each and everyone’s contribution and effort to the program. He should have made understand what does it means by employee involvement and empowerment; how it will help the company solves the issues and, the ways to do and requirements for the staff involvement and empowerment program. It was worsen when the main facilitator, Martin Griffin, had excused from the session at the time Barbara and team enthusiastically presented their innovative ideas to department heads. The facilitator also fails to aim what kind of outputs he expects at the end of the session. For the successful empowerment program, the organization structure and its enabling environment is very critical. Trust building is very important part of the program especially in this situation where staff relationship and morale is poor. It is not only important for the top management level but also the department heads or managers from all other departments are important to accept the concept of staff involvement and empowerment. As the company is on its way of changing to a new era, every staff will have different perspective of interest on how it will affect their current roles, responsibilities and job security. All of which are worth to take in consideration in managing the change process. The managers are not so sure why they require these changes as they have been doing well in the past and they believe they can do it again. On the other hand, every staff has a different management theory and surely they are not on the same page with other management staff or with the company’s current management. It is quite critical to ensure that every management staff equipped with relevant knowledge and skills that will contribute the company’s strategic goals. The staff must have a common understanding of the organizational value, culture, strategic goals and how the empowerment process will add on the success of the organization. Instead of creating problem solving team with managers selected by top management, allow all managers to voluntarily work as cross-functional teams and come up with innovative ideas and opinions. By doing so, each team will have a representative from each specialized departments who has his or her own perspective and issue on the ideas. Contribution from different expertise and background will provide the ideas reach wider scope and reality. Then, each team should discuss the ideas with other teams which may require some modification and negotiation process. If everyone satisfies with the ideas, the staff involvement will be improved and the ideas will become action. It is natural that someone could resist the ideas or changes made by others. But if they are put in a position to be part of a cross-functional team that needs to come up with an innovative idea, the discussion environment among the team will tend to be more constructive. In addition, since the company is to undergo a big change, the top management should have implemented a good change management strategy and plan. They should also prepare a communication strategy and plan to inform the staff accordingly. So that it will be clear what is going to happen, why, how and who will be responsible in the change process. The communication strategy and plan is also important as the staffs are very concerned with the change and restructuring process. If the staffs are not well communicated about the changes, the restructuring with many rumors will encourage the staff leaving the organization and looking for a new job which will be a lost the trained and skillful human resources of Elektra. Recommendation to top management in changing Elektra to a new kind of organization and to get back empowerment process on track: * Ensure all staff understands what are the vision, mission and strategic goals of Elektra. * Recruit or train staff to ensure the organization is equipped with necessary skills for change management. For eg. Hire a skillful and experienced facilitator who can give time and have a sound facilitation plan. A good facilitation plan must aim some specific objectives, processes of facilitation and expected results * Make sure that everyone understand what empowerment is and why it is important and how it will contribute to the vision, mission and long-term strategic goals * Remove the process of selected problem solving team in an attempt to change Elektra and instead make them voluntarily participate in the cross-functional team which includes representative from each department, different backgrounds etc. Facilitate the department heads/managers to address the underlying causes of each problems in their sector from their perspective and reflect their past experiences * Group the causes and brainstorm all the managers what should they do to reach a solution to these problems so that they understand and practically involve in the change process * Create an organization structure that will enc ourage enabling environment and culture for the staff so that they can use their abilities and energies which can then lead to job satisfaction, motivation, commitment by employee. Implement a change management strategy and plan that will ensure the process is on track ( what, why, how and by who throughout the change process) and how it will be sustained. * Identify the transformation leadership team to steer the change and operational leadership team to manage the day-to-day deliverables. * Set a time frame for the change process to reach its goal as to ensure the urgency of the change and effectively response to the continuously evolving environment and available opportunities. * Make your strategy and plan be flexible, daptable, acceptable by all stakeholders and suitable for your company and operational environment so that the plan will be realistically implemented. * Implement a communication strategy and plan to ensure staff received relevant information with regards to the c hanges which will reflect their interests. * Ensure that the road map and milestones are carefully prioritize and aligned to reach strategic goals so that the manager can monitor and manage the success or failure in each step towards the strategic goals. Set your operating values in trying to achieve the goals that employee understand what the organization expect and values what kinds of behavior and attitude. * Organize programs and trainings that could enhance the leadership, shared value, cooperate culture and trust building * Build capacity of the staff to gain necessary skills and knowledge in implementing staff involvement and empowerment program Questions (2): Can you think of ways Barbara could have avoided the problems her team faced in the meeting with department heads? The problems with the department heads are due to the lack of cross-functional contribution, communication, mind-set, role and planning. It could be possible for Barbara to handle the situation by; Barbara and her team should have considered the impact of their ideas and possible response by concerned departments. If Barbara has carefully analyzed what could be the challenges of their ideas, she would have prepared for a back-up or contingency plan to negotiate the departmental heads. By this way her team will have full confident on their own ideas and the department heads will feel confident that the plan was crafted carefully. Barbara should open her mind by accepting for their active feedback with thanks as this is a good opportunity to turn the different department heads in the process. She should have faced the resistance and brought up the concern from each department heads. So that and she can start a cross-functional team to brainstorm the more realistic ideas looking from different perspective. Barbara should explain that the ideas shared by her team are only part of the solution to these problems within their scope and the team requires feedback and opinion in a wider scope from other departments. And before Martin Griffin leaves the workshop, she has to confirm with him that when will be the next workshop to hear feedback from Martin griffin about her team’s presentation. So that when the department heads resist and debate on the new ideas, she can note down the issues raised and let that the feedback from the department heads will be thoroughly discussed in next workshop. By doing so, the department heads will feel they also have a role in the process and Barbara got time to do a plan and consider possible solution to the issues so as to move forward the process. Questions (3): If you were Barbara Russell, what would you do now? Why? If I were Barbara Russell, I will work out to keep motivate my team. I will appreciate the team for their effort and contribution toward the company. I will make sure the team understands that for our ideas to be stronger, more realistic and practical for all of us, we need to look our ideas from various aspects as we have experienced that various departments have their own issues on our ideas. So, in order to successfully implement our ideas, we need collaboration and commitment from all other departments that we must find ways to solve the concerns of other departments. As working within our own team will limit our expertise and other resources, we require contribution of expertise from different sectors. We must find out a way to get support and collaboration from different departments. I will encourage my team to revisit our ideas, gather information from all departments, try to open our mind to accept, and respect the others’ perspective and ideas. I will discuss with Top management and Martin griffin about our team’s ideas, several issues raised by the department heads. I will reflect my experience during the presentation of our team’s ideas, expectation of other staff, feeling and concerns of other departments. I will discuss ways to allow all departments to work together as a whole and discuss what specific strategy and plan should we implement to manage the change process to ensure achievement of our strategic goals. How to cite Barbara and Electra Case Study, Free Case study samples

Origin and Growth of Advertising free essay sample

The history of advertising dates back to the early days of human civilization. The evolution or growth of advertising can be briefly stated as follows: Early Forms of Advertising: Three forms of advertising existed during the pre-printing period, i. e. before 15th century. The three forms are as follows: a) Trade Marks: In olden days, artisans used to inscribe on their goods such as pots, wooden tools, etc. , certain marks such a stars, moon, tiger, etc. Such marks came to be regarded as trade marks. The trademark was treated as a form of advertising because the reputation of a particular trademark spread by word of mouth. The buyer used to look for such marks before buying the product or tools at the village fairs or such other places. b) Town Criers: Prior to 15th centaury, shopkeepers and other sellers appointed town criers to popularize their stores and products. The town crier wore clowny cloths and played a musical instrument such as drum or a flute and attracted the attention of the people at the village fairs, bazaars etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Origin and Growth of Advertising or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page he town crier used to offer samples and praise the shop and the product soled by the shops. Town crier were treated as a form of advertising as they attracted the attention of t5he people and also induced or persuaded the people to buy the products popularized by them. c) Sign Boards: Signs or signboards have been in use for over 5000 years. In those days, sellers used to paint signs on the rocks or boards about their goods. People were attracted by those signs and purchased the product popularized by the signs or signboards. For e. g. , a sign of cow was used for dairy products, row of ham for butcher’s shop etc. Birth of Printing Press: In 1438, Johan Gutenberg invented the crude form of printing press. This made possible the printed advertisements in the following forms: a) Hand Mills: In 1477, William Caxton from London brought out the first ever-printed advertisement in the form of a hand mill. The advertisement was for a religious book. b) Newspaper Advertisement: The Gutenberg invention made possible the printing of a newspaper. The first newspaper came into existence in Germany around 1520, and the first newspaper ad was published in about 1525 in Germany for a book. The first printed English newspaper appeared in 1622 called â€Å"The Weekly News of London†, and the first ad in an English newspaper appeared in 1625 for a book. c) Magazine Advertising: Magazines were first published in the early 1700s, how ever, advertising in magazines gain reorganization only around 1870. In those days, most of the advertisements were in the form of posters/ handbills and in newspapers. 3. Birth of Advertising Agency: In 1840 Volney Bpalmer started the first advertising agency in America at Philadelphia. In those days, ad agencies used to act as â€Å"salesmen of space†. They used to sell space in newspapers and magazines on behalf of publishers to the advertisers. They used to get 25% commission for such services. The real advertising work such as copywriting art-work etc, by the ad agencies began in the early 20th century. 4. Radio Advertising: Marconi invented the radio. The radio was introduced to the public in the early 1920s. The first radio advertisement was aired in 1922 for â€Å"Eveready Batteries† in America. Because of the invention of radio, it was made possible to advertise to the illiterates. The music and sound effects of radio advertising gave a new meaning to the field of advertising. 5. Television advertising: in 1930s John L. Baird invented the commercially viable television. It was the most impressive medium of all times. The television advertising combined the effect of voice and vision, music and motion. The first commercial appeared in 1949 in USA. In India, the first TV commercial appeared on Jan. 1, 1976. 6. Other Forms: In this present century several other forms of advertising came into existence. it includes neon-signs, video, sky writing, billboards, yellow pages, direct mail, etc. . Growth of Advertising Organizations: Several advertising organizations came into existence during the 20th century. These include Audit Bureau of Circulation (ABC) in 1914 in America and later on in other countries including India; Advertising Agencies Association of America (AAAA) in 1945. These organization gave an added impetus to the progress of advertising throughout the w orld. 8. Internet: An interesting form of advertising in the late 1990s is the Internet. Internet can be called as electronic yellow pages. Companies open a website wherein they provide information about the company and the product.

Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication. Answer: Introduction: The relation of hacking and IT is as old as they are. It has been more than a century in occurrence of hackers. From early 19th century, issue of hacking was encountered by IT users (Information Technology Law, 2017). In old days, hacking was done in very common ways by sending small harmful programing scripts to users computer, through virus attack and by using floppy disks frequently on different computers to spread virus. These all methods had potential to violate system security. Now, the area of hacking has become wider and causes different issues that I will discuss in segment of this report. Hacking has been implementing for last many years and it is a way to illegally access information from computers without taking permission from its owner. In case of IT, hacking is related to unauthorized access of systems and networks to get confidential information from them (Advocatekhoj.com, 2017). To implement this approach malware and other virus attacks are implemented. The main issue here is that hacking can cause high level damages to the networks, computing devices and some other losses of finance, information and reputation of users (Ncsl.org, 2017). Why Hacking is a Threat? Besides this, hacking is always considered as a big threat for users of information technology. There are several reasons that why hacking is a threat for IT that are listed as below (Itstillworks.com, 2017): It is one of the main reasons that hacking is considered as a threat. Hackers spread virus into system by using harmful executable programming scripts. This virus causes problems in functionality of system holistically and it becomes difficult for users to work with system and to control the spreading of virus (Comodo Antivirus Blogs | Anti-Virus Software Updates, 2017). Moreover, with the help of hacking bugs and operational mistakes can be raised into software solutions (Cyber.laws.com, 2017). Another big threat of hacking is that it causes severe problems for supporting system or network infrastructure in IT (Intelligentedu.com, 2017). Through hacking attacks, it is possible for hackers to raise issues of power failure, loss of communications, network damage and information leakage etc. (Ravi Sharma, 2012). This threat of hacking in information technology leads to system poor performance and loss of resources of information (Identity-theft-scout.com, 2017). Another biggest threat is of security and privacy of information (Ikarussecurity.com, 2017). Due to accidental hacking attacks, various issues in installation and maintenance of security tools occurs and it raises security issues of information for users. If security tools will not work properly then it will become easier for hackers to conduct attack on networks and computer systems (Dr. Dobb's, 2017). Furthermore, databases can be accessed from remote locations easily by cyber-attackers. This is all happened in absence of security tools system becomes weak and it is easy to violate its security and privacy. Due to above discuss reasons, hacking has always been a big threat for users of information technology and there is no doubt to say that hacking and phishing attacks has potential to obtain personal information from users of IT. Now from above discussion it is cleared that hacking is a big offence and causes so much damage for IT users. Therefore, some essential preventative approaches must be implemented to get rid of hacking attacks. What is available to protect against Hacking? The aim of this report is to identify and discuss a latest and advanced software solution that can provide protection against hacking. The most commonly available software solutions are antivirus software, firewall and anti-spyware software. These solutions must be used by IT users to control hacking attacks (T. Manirathnam, R. Devi, Dr. A. Muthukumaravel, 2014). First of all, if I talk about anti-virus software solution then it is easy to configure into system and it gives alert to users at identification of a virus. Moreover, antivirus software solution can fix virus or bug into system (Webroot.com, 2017). In this case, antivirus is useful for getting prevention against hacking in IT (CNBC, 2017). Another available software solution is firewall. It is an in-built software in operating system that must be in on mode (Schlesinger, 2017). Firewall detects unknown entities that try to enter into system and can cause damage. These entities can enter through any content that is downloade d from different website and it is in form of pop-ups or notifications (Y. Huang, Z. Huang, H. Zhao, X. Lai, 2014). Here, firewall restricts harmful pop-ups and allows users to block these pop-ups. Hackers mostly uses these techniques to access information from users systems. Besides this, anti-spyware software solution is also an essential tool that can be used to get prevention from hacking. It is commonly observed that hackers use spyware software to gather personal information of users without their permission. It is a harmful software and it is difficult to remove from system in which it is resided. In this case, anti-spyware software solution is used as a preventative approach of hacking. It is an effective solution to combat spyware. Like firewall and anti-virus, anti-spyware also provides real time protection to its users. So these are some operative solutions to control problems hacking information technology. Literature Review about Current Software Solution As I have discussed some commonly used software solutions that are easy to use to resolve problem of hacking IT (Tonge, 2013). But with further analysis, I got to know that according some researchers point of view OTP is an emerged solution that can provide better prevention from hacking issues. These researchers work in field of automation and cyber security for protection of data and they truly believe that OTP is an appropriate solution to maintain security and privacy of IT users. In case of online transactions and to perform other online activities on banking and business level websites, security and privacy must be maintained both at developers and users end (More, 2017). In this situation, a solution that we can use is OTP i.e. One Time Password. It is used for authentication of account or for opening any file. There are number of researchers that are working in this field and give assurance that it is a reliable and secure solution to stop hacking in information technology (E . Kalaikavitha etl [14]). These researchers also defines that how OTP is helpful in daily routine to set mobile and system authentication. OTP is generated with the help of a mathematical formulae and after generating OTP it is sent to the user through SMS on his mobile for authentication of his online account (E. Kalaikavitha, J Gnanselvi, 2013). OTP is highly recommended to use in case of mobile banking or internet banking where authentication of users account is very much important (Shesashaayee [15]). According to T. Saini [16], a new OTP is generated at every transaction and here genetic algorithm is used with a cryptography approach of elliptic curve. Getting new OTP every time enhances security of online users account and they do not need to worry about old passwords (T. Saini, 2014). One Time Password is one of secure techniques of prevention from hacking. The main factor of OTP enhances its efficiency is use of biometric authentication technique that increase security and p rivacy of users account at large extent. Furthermore, use of SHA algorithm is also important aspect of development of OTP. Now whenever any user do online transactions or send any important information regarding users account then OTP is highly preferred to use (Lidan Shou, He Bai, Ke Chen, and Gang Chen, 2014). Nowadays, most of the business organizations, banking institutions and ecommerce business organizations are using this software approach to enhance security level of their services for its users. Therefore, after this whole discussion I can say that OTP is an advanced solution that can be used for controlling hacking and phishing attacks (Saranya, T., Shalini, A., Kanchana, A, 2014). It is also defined by OTP developers that phishing attacks can also be controlled with the help of this technique. The use of one time password decreases the risk of security in case of overall process of authentication (M.H. Khan, 2014). There is no doubt that issues of cyber security are increasing day by day and it is time to resolve these issues by using advanced techniques. Although OTP is considered a better security approach, but there are other detection techniques are also available that can be used by users according to requirements to constrain hacking (A. K. Kushwaha, 2014). Conclusion To sum up, I can say that hacking is vulnerable in case of information technology and it can be severe if proper solutions will not be used by developers and users. Therefore, above discussed solutions must be taken into consideration seriously. These prevention approaches will allow users to maintain high level security and privacy of their systems and online accounts. Additionally, before start usage of every security method it will be better to get its fundamental knowledge. References Information Technology Law. (2017). Hacking - Information Technology Law. [online] Available at: https://ictlaw.com/computer-crime/hacking/ [Accessed 27 Oct. 2017]. Ncsl.org. (2017). Computer Crime Statutes. [online] Available at: https://www.ncsl.org/research/telecommunications-and-information-technology/computer-hacking-and-unauthorized-access-laws.aspx [Accessed 27 Oct. 2017]. Advocatekhoj.com. (2017). Hacking with Computer system | Information Technology Act, 2000 | Bare Acts | Law Library | AdvocateKhoj. [online] Available at: https://www.advocatekhoj.com/library/bareacts/informationtechnology/66.php?Title=Information%20Technology%20Act,%202000STitle=Hacking%20with%20Computer%20system [Accessed 27 Oct. 2017]. Itstillworks.com. (2017). Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. 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